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'''Мовотвір новогрецької''', на якій балакають в сучасній [[Греції]] та на [[Кіпрі]] заснований на простонародній грецькій мові (дімотіка) але також включає в себе деякі елементи чистої мови (кафаревуси), літературної мови, наближеної до старогрецької.
=== Речення ===
==General characteristics==
===Syntax===
The predominant word order in Greek is [[Subject Verb Object|SVO]] (Subject-Verb-Object), but word order is quite freely variable, with [[Verb Subject Object|VSO]] and other orders as frequent alternatives. Within the [[noun phrase]], adjectives precede the noun (for example, το μεγάλο σπίτι, {{IPA|[to meˈɣalo ˈspiti]}}, 'the big house'), while possessors follow it (for example, το σπίτι μου, {{IPA|[to ˈspiti mu]}}, 'my house'). The opposite order is possible as a [[markedness|marked]] alternative in both cases. Greek is a [[pro-drop language]], i.e. [[subject (grammar)|subject]]s are typically not overtly expressed whenever they are inferable from context. Whereas the word order of the major elements within the clause is fairly free, certain grammatical elements attach to the verb as [[clitic]]s and form a rigidly ordered group together with it. This applies particularly to unstressed object pronouns, negation [[Grammatical particle|particle]]s, the tense particle θα {{IPA|[θa]}}, and the [[subjunctive]] particle να {{IPA|[na]}}. Likewise, possessive pronouns are enclitic to the nouns they modify.
Основний порядок це Підмет-Присудок-Додаток (SVO) але він може змінюватись на Присудок-Підмет-Додаток чи інші варіації. В іменникових словосполученнях прикметники ідуть перед іменником, напр. το μεγάλο σπίτι, 'великий дім'), в той час як присвійники (присвійні займенники) ідуть після, напр. το σπίτι μου, 'дім мій').
===Morphology===
Greek is still a strongly [[inflectional]] language, although the richness of inflectional categories of Ancient Greek has been reduced over time. Nouns, adjectives and verbs are each divided into several inflectional classes (declension classes and conjugation classes), which have different sets of endings. In the nominals, the ancient inflectional system is well preserved, with the exception of the loss of one case, the [[dative]], and the restructuring of several of the inflectional classes. In the verbal system, the loss of [[Synthetic language|synthetic]] inflectional categories is somewhat greater, and several new [[Analytic language|analytic]] constructions have evolved instead.
===Characteristics of the Balkan linguistic union===
Several syntactic properties of Greek are characteristics shared with several other Balkan languages, with which Greek forms the so-called [[Balkan linguistic union]]. Among these characteristics are:
*The lack of an infinitive. In Greek, verbal complementation is typically formed with the help of finite (subjunctive) verb forms, in cases where English would use an infinitive (for example, θέλω να πάω, {{IPA|[ˈθelo na ˈpao]}}, literally 'I-want that I-go', i.e. 'I want to go').
*The merger of the dative and the genitive case. In Greek, indirect objects are expressed partly through genitive forms of nouns or pronouns, and partly through a periphrasis consisting of the preposition σε ({{IPA|[se]}}, 'to') and the accusative.
*The use of a future construction derived from the verb 'want' (θέλει να {{IPA|[ˈθeli na]}} > θα {{IPA|[θa]}}).
*A tendency to use pre-verbal clitic object pronouns redundantly ([[clitic doubling]]), doubling an object that is also expressed elsewhere in the clause: for example, το είδα το αυτοκίνητο ({{IPA|[to ˈiða to aftoˈcinito]}}, 'I saw it, the car", literally 'It I-saw the car').
*One prominent feature of the Balkan linguistic union that Greek does not share is the use of a postposed definite article. The Greek article (like the Ancient Greek one) stands before the noun.
==The verb==
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